Digital Transformation in Agriculture Through Smart Agriculture: A Computer Science Research Perspective
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Keywords: Smart Agriculture, Internet of Things, Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence, Agricultural Information SystemsAbstract
Digital transformation in the agricultural sector is advancing rapidly through the implementation of smart agriculture, which integrates information technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and artificial intelligence to improve efficiency and productivity. However, the adoption of these technologies still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of infrastructure and digital literacy. This study aims to identify the role of information technology in supporting agricultural digital transformation and to design an integrated smart agriculture system framework. The study employs a literature review method using a qualitative-descriptive approach, involving the collection and analysis of relevant scientific sources, followed by conceptual analysis to develop a system model. The results indicate that smart agriculture comprises five main layers: data collection, communication, data processing, applications, and automation. The integration of these technologies generates real-time information—such as harvest predictions, irrigation recommendations, and pest detection—which enhances decision-making accuracy and resource efficiency. Additionally, the system features a feedback loop mechanism that enables continuous performance improvement. This study confirms that smart agriculture holds great potential for supporting the digital transformation of agriculture, although its implementation requires infrastructure support and capacity building for users. Further research is recommended to develop systems that are simpler and more adaptable to local conditions.
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