The Role of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in Supporting Smart Environment Applications: Network Connectivity and Data Management
Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Networks, Smart Environments, Energy Efficiency, Network Connectivity, Data ManagementAbstract
Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have led to the creation of smart environments that are capable of responding adaptively to environmental conditions through the integration of sensors, communication networks, and real-time data analytics. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an important element in these systems because they serve to efficiently collect and transmit data from various sensors. However, challenges such as energy efficiency, connectivity stability, and big data management still need to be addressed. This study aims to analyze the role of WSN in supporting smart environments by reviewing the performance of several communication protocols, namely LEACH, PEGASIS, and AODV. The method used is a quantitative study through experimental simulation using NS-3 software in a 100×100 meter area with a variation in the number of nodes from 50 to 200 units. The results show that PEGASIS has the highest energy efficiency and extends network lifetime by up to 15%, AODV has the highest packet delivery ratio (94%), while LEACH displays a balance between energy efficiency and transmission speed. In conclusion, no protocol is absolutely superior; the selection must be tailored to the system requirements. The combination of energy efficiency strategies, adaptive data management, and dynamic connectivity is key to the successful development of WSNs in supporting sustainable smart environments.
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