Peran Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel (WSN) dalam Mendukung Aplikasi Smart Environment: Konektivitas dan Pengelolaan Data Jaringan
Kata Kunci:
Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel, Lingkungan Cerdas, Efisiensi Energi, Konektivitas Jaringan, Manajemen DataAbstrak
Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) mendorong terciptanya smart environment yang mampu merespons kondisi lingkungan secara adaptif melalui integrasi sensor, jaringan komunikasi, dan analitik data real-time. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) menjadi elemen penting dalam sistem ini karena berfungsi mengumpulkan dan mentransmisikan data dari berbagai sensor secara efisien. Namun, tantangan seperti efisiensi energi, stabilitas konektivitas, dan pengelolaan data besar masih perlu diatasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran WSN dalam mendukung smart environment dengan meninjau kinerja beberapa protokol komunikasi, yaitu LEACH, PEGASIS, dan AODV. Metode yang digunakan berupa studi kuantitatif melalui simulasi eksperimental menggunakan perangkat lunak NS-3 pada area 100×100 meter dengan variasi jumlah node 50–200 unit. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa PEGASIS memiliki efisiensi energi tertinggi dan memperpanjang umur jaringan hingga 15%, AODV memiliki packet delivery ratio tertinggi (94%), sedangkan LEACH menampilkan keseimbangan antara efisiensi energi dan kecepatan transmisi. Kesimpulannya, tidak ada protokol yang unggul secara mutlak; pemilihan harus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan sistem. Kombinasi strategi efisiensi energi, manajemen data adaptif, dan konektivitas dinamis menjadi kunci keberhasilan pengembangan WSN dalam mendukung smart environment berkelanjutan.
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