Integration of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Smart Energy Systems
Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Network, Internet of Things, Smart Energy System, Energy Efficiency, Wireless CommunicationAbstract
The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven a major transformation in energy management towards more efficient and sustainable systems. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become a key component that enables real-time data collection, environmental monitoring, and automatic control in smart energy systems. This study aims to analyze the integration of WSN in smart energy systems with a focus on energy efficiency, communication performance, and network reliability. The research was conducted using a quantitative experimental approach through the implementation of ZigBee and LoRa-based WSN prototypes in a laboratory microgrid environment. Testing was conducted to measure power consumption, packet delivery ratio (PDR), latency, and network stability using MATLAB and NS-3 simulations. The results show that the application of energy-aware routing and sleep scheduling can reduce node energy consumption by 15–20%, while the combination of ZigBee–LoRa protocols increases communication efficiency by over 90%. The mesh topology and self-healing algorithm enable the system to remain stable even with up to 20% node failure. WSN integration has been proven effective in improving the efficiency and reliability of smart energy systems, and shows great potential for application in industrial and smart city scales. Further research is recommended to develop artificial intelligence-based predictive algorithms to strengthen adaptive and autonomous energy management.
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