Integrasi (IoT) dan Edge Computing untuk Pemrosesan Data Real Time: Studi Sistematis mengenai Tantangan dan Solusi
Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT), Edge Computing, Edge Intelligence, Digital Transformation, CybersecurityAbstract
Dunia teknologi saat ini sedang menyaksikan transformasi besar dalam arsitektur sistem informasi seiring dengan ledakan pertumbuhan perangkat yang terhubung dalam ekosistem Internet of Things (IoT). Fenomena ini secara paksa mendorong perubahan orientasi komputasi, yang tadinya sangat bergantung pada sistem awan (cloud) terpusat, kini mulai beralih ke paradigma edge computing yang lebih desentralisasi. Melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang merujuk pada protokol standar PRISMA, penelitian ini melakukan analisis mendalam terhadap berbagai hambatan teknis sekaligus inovasi solusi yang muncul di rentang waktu 2020 hingga 2026. Fokus utama kajian ini adalah mengupas kelemahan model cloud tradisional yang kerap terjebak dalam masalah keterlambatan respon (latensi) serta pemborosan kapasitas jalur komunikasi (bandwidth). Hasil dari penelusuran literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan edge intelligence merupakan langkah krusial, karena memungkinkan perangkat untuk mengolah data secara mandiri di lokasi kejadian, sehingga sistem menjadi jauh lebih cepat dan tanggap. Namun, keberhasilan mengadopsi teknologi edge tidak bisa hanya dilihat dari kecanggihan perangkat keras atau kecepatan prosesor saja. Riset ini menegaskan bahwa terdapat tiga fondasi vital yang harus dijaga agar sistem tetap stabil dan aman: penguatan pertahanan siber yang terus beradaptasi, penerapan prosedur operasional yang baku, serta investasi serius dalam peningkatan keahlian sumber daya manusia. Tanpa adanya keseimbangan di antara ketiga aspek ini, sistem yang dibangun akan sangat rentan terhadap ancaman luar maupun kegagalan teknis internal. Di sisi lain, seiring dengan makin luasnya penggunaan kecerdasan buatan, studi ini juga menyoroti pentingnya konsep explainable AI. Transparansi dalam logika keputusan mesin bukan sekadar kebutuhan teknis, melainkan kewajiban etis agar pengguna merasa aman dan yakin terhadap sistem yang mereka gunakan. Sebagai inti dari kajian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa esensi dari transformasi digital yang berhasil bukanlah tentang upaya mengganti campur tangan manusia dengan mesin. Sebaliknya, tujuan utamanya adalah membentuk kolaborasi yang saling menguatkan, di mana ketajaman logika mesin menangani kompleksitas data, sementara manusia tetap menjadi nakhoda yang membawa kebijaksanaan dan visi strategis. Melalui sinergi ini, organisasi dapat mewujudkan ekosistem digital yang tidak hanya mampu bertahan di tengah perubahan, tetapi juga tetap aman dan berkelanjutan bagi masa depan
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