Internet of Things (IoT) System Architecture for Smart Drip Irrigation of Melon Plants
Keywords:
IoT Architecture, Smart Drip Irrigation, Edge Computing, Melon Plant, Literature ReviewAbstract
The implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in precision agriculture for melon cultivation currently faces challenges in the form of low network efficiency and high latency in the actuation process, largely due to the system's reliance on cloud-centric computing. This study aims to design a four-layer IoT system architecture for distributed smart drip irrigation, with calibration tailored to the specific agronomic characteristics of melon plants. The approach used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA protocol as a standard reference. The data synthesis process is carried out by comparing 23 recent literature sources (2023–2025) that discuss IoT-based irrigation architectures. The research findings indicate that cloud-based irrigation architectures are highly vulnerable to system failures, especially when applied to agricultural land with marginal conditions. To address this, this study proposes a new architecture that combines Edge Computing at the Middleware layer using the lightweight MQTT communication protocol. By moving the decision-making process to the local level, this system is capable of producing actuation responses with near-zero latency. In addition, the irrigation algorithm is specifically designed to align with the vegetative growth phase and the ripening phase of melon fruit, in order to regulate water stress levels in a controlled manner to increase the fruit's sweetness (Brix). The main contribution of this research is the development of a blueprint for a Local-Intelligence-based IoT architecture that is resilient to connectivity disruptions, efficient in its use, and relevant for application in horticultural practices.
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