Analysis of the Role and Challenges of Network Security in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Networks, network security, security protocol, security threat, energy efficiencyAbstract
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless communication network consisting of a number of small sensors used to collect, transmit, and detect information from the surrounding environment. WSNs are very important in various fields, including industry, security, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. WSNs are very vulnerable to various security risks, including data tampering, eavesdropping, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, due to their open nature and limited energy, memory, and processing capabilities. Therefore, network security is a critical component in WSN implementation. The purpose of this study is to examine how network security contributes to the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data in WSNs.and to identify the main obstacles in implementing effective and reliable security measures. Through a review of various scientific sources, such as journals, conferences, and network security standards, a descriptive qualitative research methodology is used. The effectiveness and limitations of several security protocols developed for WSNs, including TinySec, SPINS, and LEAP, in addressing security issues, are examined. According to the analysis, current security protocols can offer basic defense against frequent attacks, but still have serious problems related to scalability, energy savings, and adaptation to changing network conditions. In addition, there is a discrepancy between the resource limitations of sensor nodes and the need for high-level security. Adaptive security strategies are needed that can balance data protection and efficient resource use in WSNs. The development of lightweight encryption algorithms, efficient key management, and artificial intelligence-based attack detection systems can be further research directions in improving WSN network security in the future.
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