IoT System for Humidity Monitoring and Automatic Watering of Chili Pepper Plants Based on Fountain Method
Keywords:
Internet of Things, soil moisture, automatic watering, cayenne pepper, fountain methodAbstract
Advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology have had a significant impact on the development of smart farming systems. One of the main challenges in cultivating cayenne pepper is maintaining stable soil moisture, as both water deficiency and excess can affect crop productivity. Therefore, an automated system is needed that can efficiently monitor and regulate irrigation based on actual soil conditions. This study aims to design and test an IoT-based fountain method system that can monitor soil moisture in real-time and perform automatic watering to improve water use efficiency and stabilize the growth of cayenne pepper plants. The research used an experimental quantitative study approach with hardware and software design based on NodeMCU ESP8266, soil moisture sensors, and a mini water pump with a closed circulation concept. Data was collected through sensor accuracy testing, system response time testing, and a comparison of water usage between the automatic and manual methods. The results showed that the system was able to maintain soil moisture within a range of 40–70% with an average response time of 1.8 seconds and sensor accuracy of 98.5%. The fountain method increased water use efficiency by 30.6% compared to manual watering. The MQTT-based IoT connection showed 98.4% reliability with an average latency of 235 ms.
The developed system has proven effective in maintaining soil moisture and significantly conserving water. Further research is recommended to add temperature, pH, and light intensity sensors to improve the accuracy of the smart farming system.
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