Literature Review of Energy Saving Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: Analysis and Summary of Previous Research
Keywords:
Wireles Sensor Network, power efficiency, energy saving, Routing Protocol, Sleep Scheduling, Literature ReviewAbstract
The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies has opened up significant opportunities for the creation of smarter and more responsive monitoring systems across various sectors. One of the main challenges still faced in the use of WSNs is the limited energy available to sensor nodes, necessitating strategies capable of maintaining long-term network operation. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore various energy-saving methods developed between 2020 and 2025. The review process was conducted using a systematic literature review approach, reviewing 50 publications from leading scientific databases, including IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. The studies analyzed covered a variety of energy-efficiency techniques, such as active-sleep mode settings, power-saving-based routing protocols, data aggregation, cluster mechanisms, and the integration of energy harvesting technologies. Through content analysis, this study successfully mapped the trends, effectiveness, and limitations of each approach. The findings indicate that energy-saving strategies are fundamental to maintaining monitoring quality and extending the operational lifespan of sensor nodes. However, several issues still frequently arise, particularly related to network stability, adaptation to diverse environmental conditions, and the complexity of algorithm implementation. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of continuous innovation in algorithm design, hardware selection, and network architecture to support efficient WSN implementations that are ready for use in various smart applications in the future.
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