Kajian Literatur Teknik Penghematan Energi pada Wireless Sensor Network: Analisis dan Rangkuman Penelitian Terdahulu
Kata Kunci:
Wireles Sensor Network, Efisiensi Daya, Penghematan Energi, Protokol Routing, Sleep Scheduling, Kajian LiteratureAbstrak
Perkembangan pesat teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dan Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) telah membuka peluang besar bagi terciptanya sistem pemantauan yang lebih cerdas dan responsif di berbagai sektor. Salah satu tantangan utama yang masih dihadapi dalam penggunaan WSN adalah keterbatasan energi pada node sensor, sehingga diperlukan strategi yang mampu mempertahankan operasi jaringan dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian ini melakukan kajian literatur komprehensif untuk menelusuri berbagai metode penghematan energi yang dikembangkan dalam rentang tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Proses peninjauan dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review terhadap 50 publikasi dari database ilmiah terkemuka, termasuk IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, dan Google Scholar. Studi-studi yang dianalisis mencakup beragam teknik efisiensi energi, seperti pengaturan mode aktif–tidur, protokol routing berbasis hemat daya, agregasi data, mekanisme kluster, serta integrasi teknologi pemanenan energi. Melalui analisis konten, penelitian ini berhasil memetakan kecenderungan, efektivitas, serta batasan dari setiap pendekatan. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa strategi penghematan energi merupakan faktor fundamental untuk menjaga kualitas pemantauan serta memperpanjang umur operasional node sensor. Meski demikian, sejumlah persoalan masih sering muncul, terutama terkait kestabilan jaringan, adaptasi terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang beragam, dan kompleksitas penerapan algoritma. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya inovasi berkelanjutan dalam rancangan algoritma, pemilihan perangkat keras, dan arsitektur jaringan guna mendukung implementasi WSN yang efisien dan siap digunakan pada berbagai aplikasi pintar di masa mendatang
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Referensi
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Mohammad Faisol, Andreas Fiki Darmawan (Penulis)
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