Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network for Forest Fire Detection System Based on Temperature and Smoke Sensors
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Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Forest Fire Detection, Temperature and Smoke Sensors, Wireless Network, Early Detection SystemAbstract
Forest fires are an environmental problem that still occurs frequently and has a serious impact on ecosystems, public health, and the economy. Conventional monitoring systems have limitations in terms of range and response speed, so a network-based technology approach is needed to support real-time early detection. This study aims to implement and evaluate a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based on temperature and smoke sensors as an early forest fire detection system. This study uses a quantitative method based on controlled simulation, by designing a multi-hop WSN architecture consisting of temperature and smoke sensor nodes, sink nodes, and a centralized monitoring system. Testing was conducted to observe the system's response to changes in temperature and smoke concentration, as well as the reliability of network data transmission. Simulation results show that under normal conditions, the temperature ranges from 29 to 31 °C and smoke from 45 to 60 ppm. The system detects a gradual increase in temperature starting at the 13th minute and detects an increase in smoke starting at the 15th minute. The system alert was triggered at the 21st minute when the temperature and smoke simultaneously exceeded the thresholds of 55 °C and 200 ppm. All test data was successfully transmitted to the monitoring system without significant data loss. The results of the study show that the WSN system based on temperature and smoke sensors is capable of detecting forest fires early on in an effective and reliable manner. The objectives of the study were achieved, but further testing in a real environment and integration with large-scale mitigation systems are recommended for future research.
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