Arsitektur Sistem Internet of Things (IoT) pada Irigasi Tetes Cerdas Tanaman Melon
Kata Kunci:
Arsitektur IoT, Irigasi Tetes Cerdas, Komputasi Tepi, Tanaman Melon, Tinjaun Literatur SistematisAbstrak
Penerapan Internet of Things (IoT) dalam pertanian presisi pada budidaya melon saat ini masih menemui kendala berupa rendahnya efisiensi jaringan dan tingginya latensi proses aktuasi, yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh ketergantungan sistem terhadap komputasi awan (cloud-centric). Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sebuah arsitektur sistem IoT empat lapisan untuk irigasi tetes pintar yang bersifat terdistribusi, dengan kalibrasi yang disesuaikan terhadap karakteristik agronomis spesifik tanaman melon. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengadopsi protokol PRISMA sebagai acuan standar. Proses sintesis data dilakukan melalui perbandingan terhadap 23 sumber literatur terbaru (2023–2025) yang membahas arsitektur irigasi berbasis IoT. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur irigasi yang bertumpu pada cloud memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi terhadap kegagalan sistem, terutama bila diterapkan pada lahan pertanian dengan kondisi marjinal. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah arsitektur baru yang menggabungkan Edge Computing pada lapisan Middleware dengan menggunakan protokol komunikasi ringan MQTT. Dengan memindahkan proses pengambilan keputusan ke tingkat lokal, sistem ini mampu menghasilkan respons aktuasi yang nyaris tanpa latensi (zero-latency). Di samping itu, algoritma irigasi dirancang secara khusus agar selaras dengan fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan fase pematangan buah melon, guna mengatur tingkat stres air secara terkendali sebagai upaya meningkatkan kadar kemanisan (Brix) buah. Kontribusi utama dari penelitian ini adalah tersusunnya cetak biru arsitektur IoT berbasis Local-Intelligence yang tahan terhadap gangguan konektivitas, efisien dalam penggunaannya, serta relevan untuk diterapkan dalam praktik hortikultura
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Referensi
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