Sistem IoT Pemantau Kelembapan dan Penyiraman Otomatis Tanaman Cabai Rawit Berbasis Metode Air Mancur
Kata Kunci:
Internet of Things, kelembapan tanah, penyiraman otomatis, cabai rawit, metode air mancurAbstrak
Kemajuan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) telah memberikan dampak signifikan pada pengembangan sistem pertanian cerdas (smart farming). Salah satu tantangan utama dalam budidaya cabai rawit adalah menjaga kelembapan tanah tetap stabil, karena kekurangan maupun kelebihan air dapat memengaruhi produktivitas tanaman. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan sistem otomatis yang mampu memantau dan mengatur penyiraman secara efisien berdasarkan kondisi aktual tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menguji sistem IoT berbasis metode air mancur yang dapat memantau kelembapan tanah secara real-time dan melakukan penyiraman otomatis guna meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air serta stabilitas pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan studi kuantitatif eksperimental dengan perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak berbasis NodeMCU ESP8266, sensor kelembapan tanah, serta pompa air mini berkonsep sirkulasi tertutup. Data diambil melalui pengujian akurasi sensor, waktu respon sistem, serta perbandingan penggunaan air antara metode otomatis dan manual. Hasil menunjukkan sistem mampu menjaga kelembapan tanah dalam rentang 40–70% dengan waktu respon rata-rata 1,8 detik dan akurasi sensor 98,5%. Metode air mancur meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air sebesar 30,6% dibandingkan penyiraman manual. Koneksi IoT berbasis MQTT menunjukkan keandalan 98,4% dengan latensi rata-rata 235 ms. Sistem yang dikembangkan terbukti efektif dalam menjaga kelembapan tanah dan menghemat air secara signifikan. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menambahkan sensor suhu, pH, dan intensitas cahaya untuk meningkatkan ketepatan sistem pertanian cerdas.
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