Analysis of Energy Efficiency and Data Transmission Quality in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for Academic Information Systems
Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Efficiency, Data Transmission Quality, Academic Information Systems, Smart CampusAbstract
The development of wireless network technology has encouraged the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in various fields, including higher education. However, the main challenges in applying WSN to academic information systems lie in energy limitations and data transmission quality, which affect system reliability. Objective: This study aims to analyze energy efficiency and data transmission quality in WSNs to support academic information systems in order to obtain an optimal, efficient, and sustainable network model. Method: This study uses an experimental quantitative approach with simulations using Network Simulator 3 (NS-3). Three communication protocols—LEACH, HEED, and PEGASIS—were tested on networks with 10, 20, 30, and 40 nodes. The parameters analyzed included energy consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, and End-to-End Delay. Results: The simulation results showed that LEACH had the best energy efficiency with an average power consumption 12–15% lower than HEED and PEGASIS. HEED provided the highest PDR (97.8%), indicating the best transmission reliability, while PEGASIS recorded the lowest delay in small networks. In general, an increase in the number of nodes caused an increase in energy consumption and a decrease in throughput in all protocols. This study shows that protocol selection must be tailored to the operational needs of academic systems; LEACH excels in energy efficiency, HEED in transmission stability, and PEGASIS in communication speed. Further research is recommended to develop a hybrid model that combines the advantages of all three for efficient and adaptive smart campus implementation.
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