Utilization of WSN in Monitoring and Controlling Smart Energy Systems
Keywords:
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Smart Energy System, Internet of Things, Real-time Monitoring, Energy Efficiency, Smart GridAbstract
Advances in information and communication technology have encouraged the implementation of intelligent systems in energy management, where the effectiveness of energy management is highly dependent on the system's ability to perform real-time monitoring and control. This study aims to design and implement an optimal Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) architecture for smart energy systems and evaluate the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the developed system. The research method used an experimental approach through the development of a WSN-based energy monitoring prototype consisting of a sensor layer (PZEM-004T/INA219), a communication layer using the ZigBee and LoRa protocols, and an application layer based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Testing was conducted on a simulated microgrid scenario with parameters of measurement accuracy, sensor node energy efficiency, communication performance, and network stability. The results showed that the system had a high measurement accuracy rate of 97–99% for voltage and 98–99.8% for current. The application of energy-aware routing and sleep scheduling mechanisms was able to reduce sensor node energy consumption by 15–25% and extend battery life by more than 20%. Network communication performance showed a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 96–99%, and the system remained stable even when up to 20% of sensor nodes failed. In addition, the application of WSN-based demand-side management can reduce peak energy consumption by up to 12.4% and generate potential energy savings of 10–15% per month. This study proves that WSN is effective when applied to smart energy systems with a communication efficiency rate above 90% and contributes positively to energy efficiency and system reliability.
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