Pemanfaatan WSN dalam Monitoring dan Pengendalian Sistem Energi Pintar
Kata Kunci:
Kata kunci: Wireless Sensor Network, Sistem Energi Pintar, Internet of Things, Monitoring Real-time, Efisiensi Energi, Smart GridAbstrak
Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah mendorong penerapan sistem cerdas dalam pengelolaan energi, di mana efektivitas manajemen energi sangat bergantung pada kemampuan sistem melakukan monitoring dan pengendalian secara real-time. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan arsitektur Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) yang optimal untuk sistem energi pintar serta mengevaluasi kinerja, efisiensi, dan keandalan sistem yang dikembangkan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan eksperimental melalui pengembangan prototipe monitoring energi berbasis WSN yang terdiri dari lapisan sensor (PZEM-004T/INA219), lapisan komunikasi menggunakan protokol ZigBee dan LoRa, serta lapisan aplikasi berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Pengujian dilakukan pada skenario microgrid simulatif dengan parameter akurasi pengukuran, efisiensi energi node sensor, performa komunikasi, dan kestabilan jaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem memiliki tingkat akurasi pengukuran yang tinggi, yaitu 97–99% untuk tegangan dan 98–99,8% untuk arus. Penerapan mekanisme energy-aware routing dan sleep scheduling mampu menurunkan konsumsi energi node sensor sebesar 15–25% serta memperpanjang umur baterai lebih dari 20%. Performa komunikasi jaringan menunjukkan Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) sebesar 96–99% dan sistem tetap stabil meskipun terjadi kegagalan hingga 20% node sensor. Selain itu, penerapan demand-side management berbasis data WSN mampu menurunkan konsumsi energi puncak hingga 12,4% dan menghasilkan potensi penghematan energi sebesar 10–15% per bulan. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa WSN efektif diterapkan pada sistem energi pintar dengan tingkat efisiensi komunikasi di atas 90% serta memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap efisiensi energi dan keandalan sistem.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Nur Hidayah Titiani, Aura Illa Sari, Nurul Maudy Apriyani (Penulis)
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