Performance Analysis of TCP vs. UDP Protocols in Local Network Simulations
Keywords:
Keywords: TCP, UDP, network simulation, throughput, latency.Abstract
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are two major protocols at the transport layer that have fundamental differences in their working mechanisms and design objectives. TCP offers high reliability through flow control, congestion control, and packet retransmission mechanisms, while UDP provides fast and lightweight datagram delivery services without reliability guarantees. These differences make the performance of both protocols highly dependent on the characteristics of the network on which they operate. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the performance comparison of TCP and UDP on a local area network (LAN) using a simulation based on Network Simulator 3 (NS-3). The simulation was conducted on a simple topology consisting of two hosts and one router with a capacity of 100 Mbps, involving variations in packet size and traffic load levels. The simulation results show that under low to moderate load conditions, TCP and UDP are able to provide relatively good performance, although UDP remains superior in terms of latency and throughput due to its minimal control mechanisms. However, when the network load increases to near maximum capacity, TCP throughput experiences a significant decline due to the activation of congestion control mechanisms, while UDP maintains high throughput but with the consequence of increased packet loss. Further analysis shows that TCP is more suitable for applications that require data integrity, while UDP is more optimal for real-time applications that demand fast responses. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate transport protocol based on application requirements and network conditions, especially in LAN environments that have different characteristics from other wide area networks.
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