Analisis Performa Protokol TCP vs UDP pada Simulasi Jaringan Lokal
Kata Kunci:
Kata Kunci: TCP, UDP, simulasi jaringan, throughput, latensi.Abstrak
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) dan User Datagram Protocol (UDP) merupakan dua protokol utama pada lapisan transport yang memiliki perbedaan mendasar dalam mekanisme kerja dan tujuan desain. TCP menawarkan keandalan tinggi melalui mekanisme pengendalian aliran, pengendalian kemacetan, dan retransmisi paket, sedangkan UDP menyediakan layanan pengiriman datagram yang cepat dan ringan tanpa jaminan reliabilitas. Perbedaan tersebut menjadikan performa kedua protokol sangat bergantung pada karakteristik jaringan tempat keduanya beroperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif perbandingan performa TCP dan UDP pada jaringan lokal (LAN) dengan menggunakan simulasi berbasis Network Simulator 3 (NS-3). Simulasi dilakukan pada topologi sederhana yang terdiri dari dua host dan satu router dengan kapasitas 100 Mbps, serta melibatkan variasi ukuran paket dan tingkat beban trafik. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi beban rendah hingga sedang, TCP dan UDP mampu memberikan performa yang relatif baik, meskipun UDP tetap unggul dari sisi latensi dan throughput karena minimnya mekanisme kontrol. Namun, ketika beban jaringan meningkat mendekati kapasitas maksimum, throughput TCP mengalami penurunan signifikan akibat aktivasi mekanisme congestion control, sementara UDP tetap mempertahankan throughput tinggi tetapi dengan konsekuensi meningkatnya tingkat kehilangan paket. Analisis lebih lanjut memperlihatkan bahwa TCP lebih sesuai untuk aplikasi yang membutuhkan integritas data, sedangkan UDP lebih optimal untuk aplikasi real-time yang menuntut respons cepat. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pemilihan protokol transport yang tepat berdasarkan kebutuhan aplikasi dan kondisi jaringan, khususnya pada lingkungan LAN yang memiliki karakteristik berbeda dari jaringan luas lainnya.
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