Utilization of WSN-based IoT for efficient and water-saving smart irrigation systems at the village level
Keywords:
Internet of Things, Wireless Sensor Network, Smart Irrigation, Water Efficiency, Village AgricultureAbstract
The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the agricultural sector has grown rapidly and has become a strategic solution to overcome water waste caused by inefficient conventional irrigation systems. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based irrigation systems offer real-time automatic monitoring and control of soil moisture, which is particularly relevant for rural areas with limited resources. This study aims to design and implement an efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-operate IoT-WSN-based smart irrigation system at the village level to improve the efficiency of agricultural water use. The research was conducted using a quantitative experimental approach by building a prototype system based on Arduino, YL-69 soil moisture sensor, DHT11 sensor, nRF24L01 module, and ESP8266. The system was tested for 30 days on 400 m² of agricultural land to compare the performance of the IoT–WSN automatic system with the conventional manual method. Data was collected periodically and analyzed for water efficiency, latency, and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The test results showed that the IoT–WSN-based system was able to save an average of 41.2% of water usage with a PDR of 97.8% and an average latency of 1.2 seconds. The system also successfully adjusted automatic watering based on a soil moisture threshold of 60%, improving the efficiency and timeliness of watering. IoT-WSN-based smart irrigation systems have proven to be effective, efficient, and reliable for implementation at the village level. This technology not only increases agricultural productivity and water conservation, but also supports the development of digitally-based smart villages. Further research is recommended to add machine learning integration for water demand prediction and expansion of implementation scale.
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