Pengembangan Model Bisnis Smart Farming Berbasis Data-Driven Agriculture pada Kelompok Tani Lokal
Keywords:
: Smart Farming, Data-Driven Agriculture, Technopreneurship, Model Bisnis Inklusif, IoT PertanianAbstract
Latar Belakang: Sektor pertanian di tingkat kelompok tani lokal menghadapi ketidakefisienan operasional dan fluktuasi hasil panen akibat ketergantungan pada praktik konvensional. Smart Farming dan Data-Driven Agriculture menawarkan solusi otomatisasi serta analitik lahan presisi, tetapi bukti empiris mengenai bagaimana integrasi teknologi ini dan rekayasa model bisnis memengaruhi tingkat adopsi serta keberlanjutan ekonomi petani masih terbatas dan tersebar.
Tujuan: Mengkaji bagaimana penerapan Data-Driven Agriculture mendukung efisiensi operasional kelompok tani lokal, mengidentifikasi faktor keberhasilan dan tantangan adopsinya, serta merumuskan kerangka model bisnis Smart Farming yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
Metode: Tinjauan terstruktur dan rekayasa terapan berbasis Design Science Research Method (DSRM) yang mengombinasikan pengujian lapangan prototipe IoT berbiaya rendah, analisis kuantitatif performa sistem, serta evaluasi kualitatif terhadap 50 anggota kelompok tani lokal mitra.
Hasil: Smart Farming berbasis data mendukung tahap akuisisi parameter tanah/cuaca mikro, analisis prediktif lahan, hingga otomatisasi tindakan operasional melalui rantai pengolahan IoT, Big Data Analytics, dan dasbor visual. Kontribusinya terhadap peningkatan produktivitas bergantung pada akurasi sensor, keterjangkauan biaya perangkat, kesederhanaan antarmuka, serta skema kemitraan offtaker. Tantangan adopsi utama bersifat sosio-ekonomi dan literasi digital, bukan semata kendala teknis.
Kesimpulan: Smart Farming sebaiknya dipandang sebagai kapabilitas technopreneurial yang utuh, bukan sekadar instalasi perangkat keras pertanian. Kerangka model bisnis inklusif (Business Model Canvas) beserta instrumen evaluasi yang diusulkan dapat menjadi panduan penerapan bagi kelompok tani dan pemangku kepentingan agritech, serta perlu divalidasi pada cakupan komoditas yang lebih luas dalam penelitian lanjutan.
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