Pemanfaatan Drone Cerdas untuk Pemantauan Pemupukan dan Kesehatan Tanaman
Kata Kunci:
Pertanian Presisi, Komputasi Tepi, Drone Cerdas (UAV), Variable Rate Application, Convolutional Neural NetworkAbstrak
Pemantauan kesehatan tanaman dan manajemen pemupukan menggunakan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) saat ini masih sangat bergantung pada arsitektur pemrosesan pasca-penerbangan dan komputasi awan (cloud computing), yang memicu masalah latensi tinggi dan ketidakefisienan intervensi agronomis di area tanpa konektivitas internet. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem drone cerdas berbasis komputasi tepi (edge computing) untuk mendiagnosis status biologis tanaman dan merumuskan estimasi dosis pemupukan presisi secara mandiri dan instan langsung di udara. Melalui metode desain eksperimental rekayasa perangkat keras (R&D), penelitian ini mengintegrasikan sensor multispektral (Near-Infrared dan Red-Edge) dengan Single Board Computer berakselerasi GPU pada wahana multi-rotor. Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) berbobot ringan dikuantisasi dan ditanamkan ke mikrokontroler guna mengeksekusi peta Variable Rate Application (VRA) secara otonom. Validasi akurasi agronomis menggunakan pengujian terkontrol di lapangan dengan kalibrasi SPAD meter. Evaluasi arsitektur membuktikan bahwa komputasi tepi berhasil menekan latensi inferensi on-board menjadi di bawah 0,5 detik per bingkai. Model prediktif mencapai tingkat presisi klasifikasi (mAP) melampaui 90% dengan korelasi regresi (R²) > 0,85 berbanding ground truth, yang secara simulasi mampu mereduksi konsumsi pupuk kimia nitrogen hingga 30%. Integrasi edge-AI terbukti berhasil memecahkan kendala transmisi data pada sistem agrikultur presisi, memungkinkan aktuasi pemupukan secara seketika (real-time). Penempatan komputasi penuh pada wahana sangat relevan untuk ekosistem pedesaan. Riset selanjutnya direkomendasikan untuk meneliti rekayasa manajemen termal pasif guna mencegah thermal throttling pada komputasi tepi di bawah iklim tropis ekstrem.
Unduhan
Referensi
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 giovani sapta purnama A, Mohammad Faisol (Penulis)
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