Pemanfaatan IoT berbasis WSN untuk sistem irigasi cerdas yang efisien dan hemat air di tingkat desa
Kata Kunci:
Internet of Things, Wireless Sensor Network, Irigasi Cerdas, Efisiensi Air, Pertanian DesaAbstrak
Pemanfaatan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dalam sektor pertanian telah berkembang pesat dan menjadi solusi strategis untuk mengatasi pemborosan air akibat sistem irigasi konvensional yang tidak efisien. Sistem irigasi berbasis Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) menawarkan kemampuan pemantauan dan pengendalian otomatis terhadap kelembapan tanah secara real-time, yang sangat relevan bagi wilayah pedesaan dengan keterbatasan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem irigasi cerdas berbasis IoT–WSN yang efisien, hemat energi, dan mudah dioperasikan di tingkat desa guna meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air pertanian. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan eksperimental kuantitatif dengan membangun prototipe sistem berbasis Arduino, sensor kelembapan tanah YL-69, sensor DHT11, modul nRF24L01, dan ESP8266. Sistem diuji selama 30 hari di lahan pertanian seluas 400 m² untuk membandingkan kinerja sistem otomatis IoT–WSN dengan metode manual konvensional. Data dikumpulkan secara periodik dan dianalisis terhadap efisiensi air, latency, dan packet delivery ratio (PDR). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berbasis IoT–WSN mampu menghemat penggunaan air rata-rata sebesar 41,2% dengan PDR mencapai 97,8% dan latency rata-rata 1,2 detik. Sistem juga berhasil menyesuaikan penyiraman otomatis berdasarkan ambang kelembapan tanah 60%, meningkatkan efisiensi dan ketepatan waktu penyiraman. Sistem irigasi cerdas berbasis IoT–WSN terbukti efektif, efisien, dan dapat diandalkan untuk diterapkan di tingkat desa. Teknologi ini tidak hanya meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian dan konservasi air, tetapi juga mendukung pembangunan smart village berbasis teknologi digital. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menambahkan integrasi machine learning untuk prediksi kebutuhan air dan perluasan skala implementasi.
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