Penerapan Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) pada Kandang Ayam Closed House
Kata Kunci:
Wireless Sensor Network, Closed House, ZigBee, Pemantauan Lingkungan, Smart Poultry FarmAbstrak
Perkembangan teknologi Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) telah membuka peluang besar bagi penerapan sistem pemantauan otomatis di berbagai bidang, termasuk sektor peternakan modern. Dalam sistem kandang ayam closed house, pengaturan suhu, kelembapan, dan kualitas udara sangat krusial untuk menjamin produktivitas serta kesejahteraan ternak. Namun, sistem konvensional yang masih mengandalkan pemantauan manual kerap tidak efisien dan rentan terhadap kesalahan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menguji penerapan WSN dalam memantau serta mengendalikan kondisi lingkungan kandang ayam closed house agar tercipta sistem pemantauan yang efisien, adaptif, dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan membangun jaringan sensor nirkabel menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino, modul ZigBee, dan sensor DHT22 serta MQ-135 untuk mengukur suhu, kelembapan, dan kadar gas amonia. Data dikirim ke gateway Raspberry Pi dan dianalisis secara real-time melalui cloud server dengan protokol MQTT. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem memiliki Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) 97,8%, latensi rata-rata 1,24 detik, serta efisiensi energi yang meningkat 15% setelah penerapan sleep mode. Rata-rata suhu dan kelembapan berhasil dijaga dalam rentang optimal 28–32°C dan 70–78%, sementara kadar amonia stabil di sekitar 21 ppm. Sistem mampu mengatur ventilasi dan pendingin secara otomatis berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan aktual. Penerapan WSN terbukti efektif meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, akurasi pemantauan, serta keberlanjutan energi dalam kandang closed house. Penelitian ini menegaskan potensi besar WSN sebagai fondasi smart poultry farm di masa depan, dan penelitian selanjutnya disarankan mengintegrasikan algoritma machine learning untuk analisis prediktif kondisi ternak.
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