Mengoptimalkan Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel dalam Aplikasi Monitor Lingkungan dengan Teknologi IoT di Indonesia
Kata Kunci:
Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel, Internet of Things, Particle Swarm Optimization, Efisiensi Energi, Pemantauan Lingkungan.Abstrak
Kemajuan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dan Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel (Wireless Sensor Network – WSN) telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam sistem pemantauan lingkungan global. Namun, penerapan teknologi ini di Indonesia masih menghadapi kendala efisiensi energi, keandalan komunikasi, dan keterbatasan infrastruktur jaringan, terutama di wilayah dengan kondisi geografis yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja WSN dalam aplikasi pemantauan lingkungan berbasis IoT dengan fokus pada peningkatan efisiensi energi, stabilitas transmisi data, dan masa hidup jaringan agar sesuai dengan karakteristik lingkungan tropis Indonesia. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental kuantitatif berbasis simulasi dan uji lapangan. Sistem dirancang menggunakan arsitektur tiga lapisan (sensor, jaringan, dan aplikasi) yang terintegrasi dengan platform IoT ThingsBoard melalui protokol MQTT. Optimisasi jaringan dilakukan dengan algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) untuk menentukan jalur komunikasi dan pemilihan kepala klaster secara adaptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan efisiensi energi hingga 28%, peningkatan Packet Delivery Ratio menjadi 96,1%, dan perpanjangan masa hidup jaringan hingga 142 jam. Latensi rata-rata turun menjadi 1,12 detik, serta throughput meningkat hingga 27,3 kbps. Penerapan algoritma PSO terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan performa jaringan sensor nirkabel berbasis IoT untuk pemantauan lingkungan. Model yang dihasilkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan sistem Smart Environmental Monitoring di Indonesia dan membuka peluang penelitian lanjutan dalam penerapan kecerdasan buatan untuk optimisasi jaringan yang lebih efisien dan adaptif.
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