Implementasi Internet of Things untuk Monitoring Kelembapan Tanah dan Suhu pada Sistem Smart Agriculture
Keywords:
Internet of Things, smart agriculture, kelembapan tanah, suhu, monitoring, sensorAbstract
Pertanian menjadi salah satu bidang yang memerlukan pengawasan terhadap kondisi lingkungan secara rutin, khususnya tingkat kelembapan tanah dan suhu karena kedua parameter tersebut berkaitan dengan proses pertumbuhan tanaman. Cara pemantauan yang masih dilakukan secara manual memiliki beberapa kendala, seperti membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang cukup besar serta belum mampu menyajikan kondisi lahan secara langsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menerapkan Internet of Things (IoT) dalam sistem smart agriculture sebagai sarana pemantauan kelembapan tanah dan suhu secara real-time. Sistem yang dirancang menggunakan sensor kelembapan tanah dan sensor suhu yang diintegrasikan dengan mikrokontroler untuk mengolah sekaligus mengirimkan hasil pengukuran. Informasi yang diperoleh dari sensor selanjutnya ditransmisikan melalui koneksi internet agar kondisi tanah dan suhu dapat diakses menggunakan perangkat yang terhubung. Tahapan penelitian mencakup perancangan perangkat keras dan sistem IoT, pemasangan serta penerapan sensor, pengujian hasil pembacaan, dan analisis terhadap kinerja sistem monitoring. Penerapan sistem tersebut diharapkan mampu menyediakan data mengenai kelembapan tanah dan suhu secara cepat dan berkala, sehingga proses pengawasan kondisi tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan lebih mudah serta membantu pengelolaan lahan pertanian. Selain itu, pemanfaatan IoT pada sistem monitoring diharapkan mampu mengurangi keterbatasan pemantauan secara manual dan mendukung penerapan teknologi digital dalam pengembangan sistem smart agriculture.
Downloads
References
[1] E. Navarro, N. Costa, and A. Pereira, “A Systematic Review of IoT Solutions for Smart Farming,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 15, p. 4231, 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20154231.
[2] A. B. B. Torres, A. R. da Rocha, T. L. Coelho da Silva, J. N. de Souza, and R. S. Gondim, “Multilevel data fusion for the internet of things in smart agriculture,” Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 171, p. 105309, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105309.
[3] M. Mahbub, “A smart farming concept based on smart embedded electronics, internet of things and wireless sensor network,” Internet of Things, vol. 9, p. 100161, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2020.100161.
[4] K. Haseeb, I. U. Din, A. Almogren, and N. Islam, “An Energy Efficient and Secure IoT-Based WSN Framework: An Application to Smart Agriculture,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 7, p. 2081, 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20072081.
[5] K. Demestichas, N. Peppes, and T. Alexakis, “Survey on Security Threats in Agricultural IoT and Smart Farming,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 22, p. 6458, 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20226458.
[6] S. V. Kumar, C. D. Singh, and K. Upendar, “Review on IoT Based Precision Irrigation System in Agriculture,” Curr. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 39, no. 45, pp. 15–26, 2020, doi: 10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4531156.
[7] A. Badran and M. Kashmoola, “Smart Agriculture Using Internet of Things: A Survey,” in Proceedings of the 1st International Multi-Disciplinary Conference Theme: Sustainable Development and Smart Planning, IMDC-SDSP 2020, 2020. doi: 10.4108/eai.28-6-2020.2298249.
[8] X. Li, L. Zhu, X. Chu, and H. Fu, “Edge Computing-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks for Multiple Data Collection Tasks in Smart Agriculture,” J. Sensors, vol. 2020, no. 1, p. 4398061, 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/4398061.
[9] J.-G. Park and J.-H. Kim, “Agricultural Environment Monitoring System to Maintain Soil Moisture using IoT,” 2020.
[10] M. Pramanik et al., “Automation of soil moisture sensor-based basin irrigation system,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 2, p. 100032, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2021.100032.
[11] B. Keswani, A. G. Mohapatra, P. Keswani, A. Khanna, D. Gupta, and J. Rodrigues, “Improving weather dependent zone specific irrigation control scheme in IoT and big data enabled self driven precision agriculture mechanism,” Enterp. Inf. Syst., vol. 14, no. 9–10, 2021, doi: 10.1080/17517575.2020.1713406.
[12] I. D. Zyrianoff, A. T. Neto, T. S. Cinotti, M. Di Felice, C. Kamienski, and D. Silva, “A Soil Moisture Calibration Service for IoT-based Smart Irrigation,” in 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor), 2021, pp. 315–319. doi: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor52389.2021.9628393.
[13] J. Lloret, S. Sendra, L. Garcia, and J. M. Jimenez, “A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Soil Moisture Monitoring in Precision Agriculture,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 21, p. 7243, 2021, doi: 10.3390/s21217243.
[14] V. B. Pham, T. T. Diep, K. Fock, and T. S. Nguyen, “Using the Internet of Things to promote alternate wetting and drying irrigation for rice in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta,” Agron. Sustain. Dev., vol. 41, p. 43, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s13593-021-00705-z.
[15] E. P. Harahap, M. A. Ngadi, U. Rahardja, F. R. Azhari, and K. Zelina, “Internet of things based humidity control and monitoring system,” Ilk. J. Ilm., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 175–186, 2021, doi: 10.33096/ilkom.v13i2.852.175-186.
[16] G. S. P. Lakshmi, P. N. Asha, G. Sandhya, S. V. Sharma, S. Shilpashree, and S. G. Subramanya, “An intelligent IoT sensor coupled precision irrigation model for agriculture,” Meas. Sensors, vol. 25, p. 100608, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.measen.2022.100608.
[17] A. F. Suhaimi et al., “IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring, Automation and Intrusion Detection System,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, p. 12016. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1962/1/012016.
[18] D. Saikia and R. Khatoon, “Smart monitoring of soil parameters based on IoT,” Int. J. Adv. Technol. Eng. Explor., vol. 9, no. 88, 2022, doi: 10.19101/IJATEE.2021.874650.
[19] A. Rehman, T. Saba, M. Kashif, S. M. Fati, S. A. Bahaj, and H. Chaudhry, “A Revisit of Internet of Things Technologies for Monitoring and Control Strategies in Smart Agriculture,” Agronomy, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 127, 2022, doi: 10.3390/agronomy12010127.
[20] F. K. Shaikh, S. Karim, S. Zeadally, and J. Nebhen, “Recent Trends in Internet-of-Things-Enabled Sensor Technologies for Smart Agriculture,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 9, no. 23, pp. 23583–23598, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3210154.
[21] “Smart Farming: Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Sustainable Agriculture,” Agriculture, 2022, doi: 10.3390/agriculture12101745.
[22] D. M. M. Vianny, A. John, S. K. Mohan, A. Sarlan, Adimoolam, and A. Ahmadian, “Water optimization technique for precision irrigation system using IoT and machine learning,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 52, no. D, p. 102307, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102307.
[23] H. Zhang, L. He, F. Di Gioia, D. Choi, A. Elia, and P. Heinemann, “LoRaWAN based internet of things (IoT) system for precision irrigation in plasticulture fresh-market tomato,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 2, p. 100053, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2022.100053.
[24] A.-F. Jiménez, P.-F. Cárdenas, and F. Jiménez, “Intelligent IoT-multiagent precision irrigation approach for improving water use efficiency in irrigation systems at farm and district scales,” Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 192, p. 106635, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106635.
[25] E. López et al., “A Low-Power IoT Device for Measuring Water Table Levels and Soil Moisture to Ease Increased Crop Yields,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 18, p. 6840, 2022, doi: 10.3390/s22186840.
[26] M. M. U. Saleheen, M. S. Islam, R. Fahad, M. J. B. Belal, and R. Khan, “IoT-Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System,” 2022. doi: 10.1109/IICAIET55139.2022.9936826.
[27] M. Pyingkodi et al., “Sensor Based Smart Agriculture with IoT Technologies: A Review,” 2022. doi: 10.1109/ICCCI54379.2022.9741001.
[28] K. N.-A. Siddiquee et al., “Development of Algorithms for an IoT-Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System,” Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 7372053, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/7372053.
[29] M. Bertocco, S. Parrino, G. Peruzzi, and A. Pozzebon, “Estimating Volumetric Water Content in Soil for IoUT Contexts by Exploiting RSSI-Based Augmented Sensors via Machine Learning,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 4, p. 2033, 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23042033.
[30] C. Ma, K. Johansen, and M. F. McCabe, “Combining Sentinel-2 data with an optical-trapezoid approach to infer within-field soil moisture variability,” Agric. Water Manag., vol. 2022, p. 107942, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107942.
[31] G. Routis and I. Roussaki, “Low Power IoT Electronics in Precision Irrigation,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 5, p. 100310, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2023.100310.
[32] J. G. Malar A, T. E. Mathew, S. N. Kumar, A. Sabu, J. Sathiamoorthy, and A. Prasanth, “Microclimate monitoring system for irrigation water optimization using IoT,” Meas. Sensors, vol. 27, p. 100727, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.measen.2023.100727.
[33] Y. Dong, B. Werling, Z. Cao, and G. Li, “Implementation of an in-field IoT system for precision irrigation management,” Front. Water, vol. 6, p. 1353597, 2024, doi: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1353597.
[34] G. Custódio and R. C. Prati, “Comparing modern and traditional modeling methods for predicting soil moisture in IoT-based irrigation systems,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 7, p. 100397, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2024.100397.
[35] S. Kumari, N. Ali, M. Dagati, and Y. Dong, “IoT-Enabled Soil Moisture and Conductivity Monitoring Under Controlled and Field Fertigation Systems,” AgriEngineering, vol. 7, no. 7, p. 207, 2025, doi: 10.3390/agriengineering7070207.
[36] M. R. I. K. Oliullah, M. M. Kabir, M. Alom, and M. F. Mridha, “Machine learning enabled IoT system for soil nutrients monitoring and crop recommendation,” J. Agric. Food Res., vol. 14, p. 100880, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100880.
[37] C. Murugamani, S. Shitharth, S. Hemalatha, and P. R. Kshirsagar, “Machine Learning Technique for Precision Agriculture Applications in 5G-Based Internet of Things,” Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 6534238, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/6534238.
[38] H. K. Adli et al., “Recent Advancements and Challenges of AIoT Application in Smart Agriculture: A Review,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 7, p. 3752, 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23073752.
[39] T. Saranya, C. Deisy, S. Sridevi, and K. Sonai Muthu Anbananthen, “A comparative study of deep learning and Internet of Things for precision agriculture,” Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., vol. 122, p. 106034, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106034.
[40] M. Afzal, I. A. Saeed, M. N. Sohail, M. H. M. Saad, and M. R. Sarker, “IoT-Enabled Adaptive Watering System With ARIMA-Based Soil Moisture Prediction for Smart Agriculture,” IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 27714–27728, 2025, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3532447.
[41] D. Pascoal, N. Silva, T. Adão, R. D. Lopes, E. Peres, and R. Morais, “A technical survey on practical applications and guidelines for IoT sensors in precision agriculture and viticulture,” Sci. Rep., vol. 14, p. 29793, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80924-y.
[42] M. Muthmainnah et al., “Development of an automated monitoring system for soil moisture and temperature in smart agriculture to enhance lettuce farming productivity based on IoT,” Multidiscip. Sci. J., vol. 6, no. 11, p. 2024233, 2024, doi: 10.31893/multiscience.2024233.
[43] A. Khan, S. A. Shah, and ..., “Internet of Things for Crop Farming: A Review of Technologies and Applications,” Commodities, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 367–381, 2023, doi: 10.3390/commodities2040021.
[44] Wang, “Survey for Soil Sensing with IOT and Traditional Systems,” Network, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 482–501, 2023, doi: 10.3390/network3040021.
[45] Yokoyama, “Time Domain Transmissiometry-Based Sensor for Simultaneously Measuring Soil Water Content, Electrical Conductivity, Temperature, and Matric Potential,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 4, p. 2340, 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23042340.
[46] E. Aitiaz, K. Assalaou, M. Agdam, Y. El Aidi Idrissi, and A. Chraibi, “Design of a New IoT Soil Temperature and Moisture Sensor Using LoRa Communication for Smart Agriculture Applications,” J. Harbin Eng. Univ., vol. 44, no. 10, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://harbinengineeringjournal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1469
[47] K. Spandana and S. Pabboju, “IoT Enabled Smart Agriculture using Digital Dashboard,” Indian J. Sci. Technol., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2023, doi: 10.17485/IJST/v16i1.1680.
[48] L. Bouhachlaf, “Monitoring soil elements for irrigation management using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors,” World Water Policy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 756–766, 2023, doi: 10.1002/wwp2.12151.
[49] K. R. Mehta, K. J. Naidu, M. Baheti, D. Parmar, and A. Sharmila, “Internet of Things Based Smart Irrigation System Using ESP WROOM 32,” J. Internet Things, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45–55, 2023, doi: 10.32604/jiot.2023.043102.
[50] H. Hugeng, F. H. Juwono, D. Trisnawarman, and A. I. Y. Huntarso, “Sustainable and Reliable IoT-Based Solution System for Smart Farming in Indonesia,” Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. Eng., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 1543–1550, 2023, doi: 10.24912/ijaste.v1.i4.1543-1550.
[51] Agustirandi, “Analysis comparison, calibration, and application of low-cost soil moisture in smart agriculture based on Internet of Things,” TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Comput. Electron. Control., vol. 22, no. 5, 2024, doi: 10.12928/telkomnika.v22i5.25703.
[52] I. Setiawan, M. D. T. Musa, and S. A. Putri, “Re-Calibration of Model-Based Capacitive Sensor for IoT Soil Moisture Measurements,” J. Appl. Informatics Comput., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 150–155, 2023, doi: 10.30871/jaic.v7i2.6809.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Maskana Ramadhani (Penulis); Kevin Oktavian Pratama (Penerjemah)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
