Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Agriculture System for Monitoring and Automatic Plant Watering Control
Keywords:
Smart Agriculture, Internet of Things, ESP32, soil moisture, automatic wateringAbstract
The development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology offers opportunities to implement Smart Agriculture solutions that automate crop monitoring and management. A common challenge in crop cultivation is that watering is often performed manually, meaning water application is not always adjusted to actual soil moisture levels. This study aims to design and build an IoT-based Smart Agriculture system capable of monitoring soil moisture and automatically controlling plant watering. The research employs a Research and Development method with an experimental approach, comprising problem identification, literature review, requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, data analysis, and system evaluation. The system utilizes a soil moisture sensor to gather data on the growing medium's condition, an ESP32 microcontroller for data processing and control, a relay to manage the pump, and a water pump as the watering actuator. Decision-making is based on a threshold method: the pump activates when the moisture level falls below a minimum limit and deactivates when the level reaches or exceeds that limit. Test results demonstrate that all primary system functions operate according to the designed scenarios. All seven tested functions were successful, resulting in a 100% functional success rate. These findings indicate that the system is capable of monitoring soil moisture and automatically controlling the watering process based on detected conditions.
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References
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[8] Y. Zakaria, I. H. Al Munawaroh, Siti Nurul Widyaningsih, and Erwin Apriliyanto, “Testing and Evaluation of an IoT-Based Smart Irrigation System for Soil Moisture Monitoring,” J. Comput. Sci. Informatics Eng., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 157–171, 2026, doi: 10.55537/cosie.v5i2.1492.
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[10] R. Hidayati, U. Ristian, I. Nirmala, C. Suhery, and K. Sari, “The Application of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology in Agrotourism at Taman Inspirasi Strawberry Rasau Jaya Tiga,” MEKONGGA J. Pengabdi. Masy., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 47–54, 2025, doi: 10.69616/mekongga.v2i2.246.
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[13] N. Marliza, N. Hasim, and D. R. Arifatno, “Smart Agriculture Prototype : An IoT - Controlled System for Lightning and Nutrient Management in Dragon Fruit Farming,” J. Ilm. Inform. Komput., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 321–330, 2025, doi: 10.35760/ik.2025.v30i3.87.
[14] W. A. Pulungan and Allwine, “Alat Penyiram Tanaman Berbasis IoT Menggunakan NodeMCU ESP8266,” J. Bisantara Inform., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2024, [Online]. Available: http://bisantara.amikparbinanusantara.ac.id/index.php/bisantara/article/view/119
[15] A. Agnesia, F. Kustidarsyah, I. M. Andik Setiawan, and L. Muharani, “Implementasi Sistem Irigasi Smart Garden IoT pada Perkebunan Stroberi,” J. Inov. Teknol. Terap., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 88–98, 2024, doi: 10.33504/jitt.v2i1.204.
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[18] M. D. Agustiningsih, P. C. A. Lestari, R. M. Savitrah, A. Fahmi, and H. -, “Nogo Osing Apps: Aplikasi Smart Farming Buah Naga Berbasis IoT,” J. Teknol. Inf. dan Ilmu Komput., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 145–154, 2024, doi: 10.25126/jtiik.20241117683.
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