ESP32-Based Wireless Sensor Network Design with Dynamic Adaptation to Environmental Interference for Precision Monitoring
Keywords:
IoT, ESP32, Wireless Sensor Networks, Environmental Monitoring, Edge Computing, Dynamic AdaptationAbstract
Advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have spurred the development of more responsive and energy-efficient environmental monitoring systems. This study designs and implements an ESP32-based monitoring system integrated with WSN and cloud services. The system is capable of measuring environmental conditions — such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity — in real-time through a wireless network with efficient power consumption. To address environmental disturbances such as signal interference and weather changes, a dynamic adaptation mechanism is applied to maintain stable data communication. Testing shows that the system can operate reliably up to a distance of 50 meters under unobstructed conditions,, with a data loss rate of less than 2% and an average latency of under 200 milliseconds. The use of edge computing also accelerates real-time decision-making directly on the device without relying entirely on an internet connection. The collected data is displayed through a web-based dashboard and stored in the cloud for long-term monitoring purposes. With high flexibility, this system can be applied in various fields, including agriculture, industry, and smart cities. Through the integration of IoT, ESP32, and adaptive mechanisms, this system becomes a reliable, efficient, and future-oriented monitoring solution.
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