Analisis Implementasi Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) pada Smart Agriculture untuk Pemantauan Tanaman: Kajian Literatur
Abstrak
Sektor pertanian menghadapi tantangan kompleks dalam meningkatkan produktivitas sambil meminimalkan dampak lingkungan di era perubahan iklim global. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi teknologi Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) pada sistem smart agriculture untuk pemantauan tanaman melalui pendekatan systematic literature review terhadap 30 publikasi ilmiah periode 2020-2025. Pencarian literatur dilakukan menggunakan basis data IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, dan MDPI dengan kata kunci kombinasi wireless sensor network, smart agriculture, precision farming, dan IoT agriculture. Kriteria inklusi mencakup artikel berbahasa Inggris yang membahas implementasi WSN dengan data empiris atau hasil eksperimen. Proses seleksi menggunakan protokol PRISMA menghasilkan 30 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk analisis mendalam. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur WSN pertanian telah berevolusi dengan integrasi IoT, komputasi awan, dan artificial intelligence. Optimasi clustering menggunakan fuzzy logic meningkatkan efisiensi energi 9 persen dan jumlah node aktif 24 persen. Protokol komunikasi EMP-ZBR mengurangi delay 8,1 milidetik dan meningkatkan packet delivery rate 15,2 persen. Implementasi energy harvesting surya memungkinkan operasi autonomous unlimited. Skema autentikasi multi-gateway meningkatkan keamanan terhadap sensor capture dan replay attack. Integrasi neural network VLRGD mengurangi konsumsi pupuk 10,89 persen dan menghemat 0,76-0,87 ton per musim tanam. Sensor NPK terintegrasi menunjukkan error rate 8,47 persen dibanding laboratorium. Kesimpulannya, WSN merupakan teknologi kunci precision agriculture yang efektif meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya dan produktivitas tanaman melalui pemantauan real-time berbasis data empiris.
Kata Kunci: Wireless Sensor Network, Smart Agriculture, Precision Farming, Internet of Things, Pemantauan Tanaman.
Article history: Received 5 April 20XX, first decision 22 April 20XX, accepted 22 August 20XX, available online 28 October 20XX
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