Studi Komparatif Protokol Komunikasi pada Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel (WSN)
Kata Kunci:
Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel, Protokol Komunikasi, LEACH, Directed Diffusion, GEAR.Abstrak
Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel (WSN) merupakan teknologi komunikasi penting dalam sistem Internet of Things (IoT) yang memungkinkan pengumpulan dan transmisi data secara otomatis tanpa kabel. Efisiensi komunikasi dan manajemen energi menjadi tantangan utama dalam pengembangan WSN karena keterbatasan sumber daya node sensor. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa performa protokol komunikasi seperti LEACH, Directed Diffusion, dan GEAR sangat bervariasi tergantung pada kondisi jaringan dan aplikasi yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan kinerja ketiga protokol komunikasi tersebut berdasarkan parameter konsumsi energi, throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), dan end-to-end delay guna menentukan protokol yang paling efisien dalam berbagai skenario jaringan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan simulasi kuantitatif eksperimental dengan perangkat lunak NS-3. Tiga protokol diuji pada jaringan berukuran 50, 100, dan 150 node dalam area 100 × 100 meter dengan trafik Constant Bit Rate (CBR). Data hasil simulasi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan komparatif menggunakan empat parameter evaluasi utama. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa GEAR memiliki efisiensi energi tertinggi, throughput terbesar, PDR tertinggi, serta delay terendah dibandingkan LEACH dan Directed Diffusion. LEACH menunjukkan performa stabil pada jaringan sedang, sedangkan Directed Diffusion cenderung kurang efisien pada jaringan padat akibat tingginya overhead komunikasi. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa GEAR merupakan protokol komunikasi paling efisien dan adaptif untuk sistem WSN berskala besar, terutama pada aplikasi pemantauan dan IoT. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk mengembangkan protokol hibrida adaptif yang mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan dinamika energi dan topologi jaringan secara real-time.
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