Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel: Sebuah Survei dan Analisis Arah Penelitian
Kata Kunci:
Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel, Pengelompokan, Perutean, Pemilihan kepala cluster, Manajemen TopologiAbstrak
Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel (Wireless Sensor Networks/WSN) biasanya terdiri dari ribuan sensor dengan sumber daya terbatas untuk memonitor lingkungan sekitar, mengumpulkan informasi, dan mengirimkan data ke mesin jarak jauh untuk diproses lebih lanjut. Meskipun WSN dianggap sebagai jaringan ad-hoc yang sangat fleksibel, manajemen jaringan merupakan salah satu tantangan mendasar yang harus diatasi dalam jenis jaringan ini mengingat ukuran penyebaran dan masalah kualitas yang terkait seperti manajemen sumber daya, skalabilitas, dan keandalan. Manajemen topologi dianggap sebagai teknik umum untuk mengatasi masalah ini dalam jaringan ad-hoc seperti WSN. Clustering adalah metode manajemen topologi yang paling terkenal di WSN, mengelompokkan node untuk mengelolanya dan / atau menjalankan berbagai tugas secara terdistribusi, misalnya, manajemen sumber daya. Meskipun teknik clustering terutama dikenal untuk mengurangi konsumsi energi, ada berbagai tujuan berbasis kualitas yang dapat direalisasikan melalui clustering. Dalam makalah ini, kami meninjau secara komprehensif teknik pengelompokan WSN yang sudah ada, tujuan mereka dan sifat jaringan yang didukung oleh teknik tersebut. Setelah menyaring lebih dari 500 teknik clustering, sekitar 215 teknik yang paling penting diekstraksi, ditinjau, dikategorikan dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tujuan clustering dan juga sifat jaringan seperti mobilitas dan heterogenitas. Selain itu, statistik disediakan mengenai metrik yang ditinjau, memberikan wawasan yang sangat berguna untuk desain teknik clustering di WSN.
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