Implementasi Mekanisme Enkripsi Ringan untuk Keamanan Data pada Wireless Sensor Network
Kata Kunci:
Wireless Sensor Network, Tiny Encryption Algorithm, enkripsi ringan,, efisiensi energi, keamanan dataAbstrak
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai aplikasi, seperti pemantauan lingkungan, sistem industri, dan pertanian cerdas. Namun, keterbatasan sumber daya pada node sensor, termasuk energi, memori, dan kapasitas komputasi, menjadi kendala utama dalam penerapan mekanisme keamanan data yang kuat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan solusi enkripsi yang ringan namun tetap aman untuk menjaga kerahasiaan data tanpa membebani kinerja jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengimplementasikan Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) sebagai algoritma enkripsi ringan yang efisien untuk meningkatkan keamanan data pada WSN. Metode penelitian mencakup perancangan arsitektur simulasi WSN menggunakan platform Contiki OS dengan Cooja Simulator, di mana algoritma TEA diimplementasikan pada node sensor dan base station. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan performa TEA terhadap AES-128 dan skenario tanpa enkripsi, menggunakan tiga metrik utama: waktu komputasi, konsumsi energi, dan throughput data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TEA memiliki efisiensi yang signifikan dibandingkan AES-128, dengan peningkatan waktu komputasi sekitar 290% dari baseline, jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan AES-128 yang mencapai 850%. Selain itu, peningkatan konsumsi energi TEA hanya sekitar 4–5%, sedangkan AES-128 mencapai hingga 14%. Dari sisi throughput, TEA hanya mengalami penurunan sekitar 8% dibandingkan skenario tanpa enkripsi. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa TEA mampu menjaga keamanan data dengan overhead sumber daya yang minimal, sehingga sangat sesuai diterapkan pada WSN dengan keterbatasan daya dan kebutuhan operasi jangka panjang. Secara keseluruhan, Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) memberikan kompromi optimal antara keamanan, efisiensi energi, dan waktu komputasi, menjadikannya solusi enkripsi yang layak untuk implementasi pada jaringan sensor nirkabel berskala besar dan aplikasi Internet of Things (IoT) yang menuntut efisiensi tinggi
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