Protokol Routing Cerdas Hemat Energi untuk Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel Menggunakan Optimasi PSO-GA Hibrida
Kata Kunci:
Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel, Efisiensi Energi, Protokol Perutean, Optimasi Kawanan Partikel, Algoritma GenetikaAbstrak
Pengelolaan energi merupakan tantangan utama dalam Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), karena keterbatasan daya baterai pada node sensor berpengaruh langsung terhadap umur jaringan. Berbagai penelitian telah berfokus pada efisiensi energi melalui desain protokol routing cerdas, namun sebagian besar masih menghadapi masalah keseimbangan beban dan konvergensi lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan protokol routing cerdas berbasis Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization – Genetic Algorithm (PSO-GA) guna meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan kestabilan jaringan. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan melalui simulasi eksperimental berbasis MATLAB dengan model energi radio orde pertama. Algoritma PSO digunakan untuk mempercepat konvergensi, sedangkan GA menjaga keragaman solusi agar sistem tidak terjebak pada local optimum. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa Hybrid PSO-GA mampu mengurangi konsumsi energi hingga 25%, memperpanjang umur jaringan sebesar 32%, meningkatkan packet delivery ratio menjadi 96,4%, serta menurunkan average delay hingga 0,22 detik dibandingkan protokol konvensional. Pendekatan hibrida terbukti efektif dalam menyeimbangkan konsumsi energi antar node dan menjaga kestabilan komunikasi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Hybrid PSO-GA berpotensi menjadi dasar pengembangan protokol routing cerdas masa depan untuk WSN dan aplikasi IoT berskala besar.
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