Penerapan VPN (Virtual Private Network) untuk Keamanan Komunikasi Antar Perangkat loT pada Jaringan Smart Home
Kata Kunci:
Internet of Things, Smart Home, Virtual Private Network, WireGuard, Keamanan JaringanAbstrak
Perkembangan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) telah mendorong terciptanya sistem Smart Home yang mampu menghubungkan berbagai perangkat pintar melalui jaringan internet. Namun, peningkatan konektivitas ini menimbulkan risiko keamanan tinggi akibat potensi intersepsi dan serangan siber terhadap data komunikasi antar perangkat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan solusi pengamanan yang efisien untuk menjaga kerahasiaan dan integritas data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan Virtual Private Network (VPN) sebagai mekanisme keamanan komunikasi antar perangkat IoT pada jaringan Smart Home, serta menilai dampaknya terhadap performa jaringan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan eksperimental kuantitatif dengan melakukan pengujian pada dua kondisi, yaitu jaringan tanpa VPN dan dengan VPN menggunakan protokol OpenVPN serta WireGuard. Parameter yang diukur meliputi latensi, throughput, packet loss, dan tingkat keamanan data melalui analisis sniffing dan deteksi intrusi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penerapan VPN meningkatkan keamanan komunikasi secara signifikan dengan mengenkripsi seluruh data, menurunkan jumlah port terbuka, dan mencegah akses ilegal. Meski terjadi peningkatan latensi sebesar 27–45% dan penurunan throughput sekitar 7–12%, performa jaringan tetap stabil. Protokol WireGuard terbukti lebih efisien dibanding OpenVPN dalam hal penggunaan sumber daya dan kestabilan koneksi. VPN efektif diterapkan sebagai lapisan keamanan utama pada sistem Smart Home, memberikan perlindungan data yang kuat tanpa mengorbankan performa jaringan secara signifikan. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk mengintegrasikan VPN dengan Edge Computing dan Software Defined Networking guna meningkatkan efisiensi dan skalabilitas sistem.
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