Analisis dan Kajian Literatur Mengenai Perkembangan Teknologi dan Tantangan Implementasi Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Kata Kunci:
Wireless Sensor Network, Efisiensi Energi, Keamanan Data, Skalabilitas, Literature ReviewAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif perkembangan teknologi dan tantangan implementasi Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) melalui pendekatan kajian literatur sistematis. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menghimpun berbagai penelitian terdahulu dari sumber ilmiah terverifikasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi WSN telah mengalami perkembangan signifikan dalam hal arsitektur jaringan, efisiensi energi, dan penerapannya pada berbagai bidang seperti industri, pertanian, lingkungan, dan kesehatan. Integrasi WSN dengan Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, dan artificial intelligence telah membuka peluang baru dalam pengelolaan data secara real-time yang lebih efisien dan adaptif. Namun, tantangan yang dihadapi masih kompleks, terutama dalam aspek keamanan data, konsumsi energi, skalabilitas jaringan, serta keandalan komunikasi antar-node. Upaya peningkatan efisiensi energi melalui energy harvesting dan algoritma cerdas berbasis machine learning menjadi fokus penelitian terkini. Selain itu, pendekatan keamanan ringan (lightweight security) dan penerapan Software Defined Networking (SDN) mulai dikembangkan untuk mengoptimalkan manajemen jaringan dan menjaga integritas sistem. Berdasarkan analisis literatur, penelitian masa depan disarankan untuk mengembangkan sistem WSN yang lebih otonom, adaptif, hemat energi, dan aman guna mendukung keberlanjutan infrastruktur digital di berbagai sektor.
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