Security and Privacy Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Systematic Literature Review of Threat Mitigation Strategies
Kata Kunci:
Keamanan Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel, Mitigasi Ancaman, Kriptografi Ringan.Abstrak
Perkembangan Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) sebagai infrastruktur fundamental dalam ekosistem Internet of Things menghadapi tantangan keamanan dan privasi yang semakin kompleks akibat keterbatasan sumber daya komputasi, memori, dan energi pada perangkat sensor yang digunakan. Penelitian tinjauan literatur sistematis ini menganalisis 30 publikasi ilmiah periode 2020-2024 menggunakan kerangka kerja PRISMA untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai ancaman keamanan, mengkategorikan strategi mitigasi yang telah diterapkan, serta memetakan kesenjangan penelitian yang masih ada. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa ancaman WSN mencakup serangan blackhole, sinkhole, wormhole, Sybil, denial-of-service (DoS), dan man-in-the-middle yang dapat mengkompromikan integritas, kerahasiaan, dan ketersediaan data secara signifikan, bahkan pada skala jaringan besar dengan ribuan node. Strategi mitigasi yang efektif meliputi penggunaan kriptografi ringan berbasis AES-ECC, protokol autentikasi ECDH, teknologi blockchain, sistem deteksi intrusi berbasis machine learning, serta mekanisme trust management yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap perilaku node. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi kesenjangan dalam implementasi algoritma post-quantum, pemanfaatan federated learning untuk WSN, serta standardisasi protokol keamanan yang interoperable dan scalable. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan arah riset masa depan untuk mengembangkan solusi keamanan yang lebih robust, adaptif, efisien, dan tahan terhadap serangan canggih, sehingga mampu menghadapi evolusi ancaman yang terus berkembang dalam ekosistem WSN-IoT kontemporer secara berkelanjutan, serta mendukung integrasi dengan teknologi IoT generasi berikutnya.
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Referensi
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Moh. Rafael Kamil . A, Radhitya Dwi Akmal Purnomo (Penulis)
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