Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Penyiraman Otomatis Berbasis Sensor Kelembaban Tanah pada Budidaya Bawang Merah Menggunakan Arduino Uno
Kata Kunci:
Arduino Uno, sensor kelembaban tanah, penyiraman otomatis, efisiensi air, bawang merah.Abstrak
Penyiraman merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam budidaya bawang merah karena sangat memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Praktik penyiraman yang masih dilakukan secara manual sering kali tidak mempertimbangkan kondisi kelembaban tanah secara aktual sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan kadar air, baik berupa penyiraman berlebih maupun kekurangan air. Kondisi tersebut dapat berdampak pada rendahnya efisiensi penggunaan air dan terganggunya kebutuhan air tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem penyiraman otomatis berbasis sensor kelembaban tanah menggunakan Arduino Uno serta mengevaluasi kinerjanya pada budidaya bawang merah. Metode penelitian meliputi studi literatur, perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, implementasi sistem, dan pengujian fungsional pada media tanam bawang merah. Sensor kelembaban tanah digunakan untuk membaca tingkat kelembaban tanah secara real-time, kemudian data tersebut diproses oleh Arduino Uno untuk mengendalikan pompa air melalui modul relay berdasarkan nilai ambang batas kelembaban yang telah ditentukan dari hasil uji awal. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mendeteksi kondisi kelembaban tanah dengan baik dan melakukan penyiraman secara otomatis ketika nilai kelembaban berada di bawah ambang batas, serta menghentikan penyiraman saat kelembaban tanah telah mencapai kondisi yang diinginkan. Sistem ini mampu menjaga kelembaban tanah pada kisaran optimal sekitar 60–70% dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air hingga sekitar 35% dibandingkan metode penyiraman manual. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, sistem penyiraman otomatis berbasis Arduino Uno dan sensor kelembaban tanah dinilai efektif, responsif, dan hemat air sehingga dapat diterapkan sebagai solusi irigasi sederhana pada budidaya bawang merah serta berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.
Unduhan
Referensi
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